The choice mostly depends on the required outcome. For precision applications, cold rolled steels are preferred as we have more control over the final dimensions. Some of them are carbon steel, stainless steel, copper and aluminium. In the U.S., the thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its gauge. Especially when putting high emphasis on the aesthetics of your project. This can help achieve a thickness from 1/16th of an inch to 5/16th of an inch. ASTM's steel standards are instrumental in classifying, evaluating, and specifying the material, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of the different types of steels, which are primarily used in the production of mechanical components, industrial parts, and construction elements, as well as other accessories related to them. In curling, the initial edge is rolled into the formed circle whereas, in the tear-shaped hem, the initial edge is still exposed. In this process, the sheet metal is passed through a set of rolls. The method needs highly skilled labour and is therefore expensive. For simple bent parts, Xometry can offer a +/- 0.010” tolerance for … Also known as press braking, flanging, die bending, folding and edging, this method is used to deform a material…, Types of Metal - Pure Metals, Alloys & Their Applications, Metals and advances in manufacturing processes gave us the industrial revolution. This is because in hot rolled steels, after cooling, the steel shrinks slightly and the shape might change a little. All the info above aims to help you do just that. The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors‘ National Association (SMACNA) is an international trade association that establishes the industry standards for acceptable construction material criteria used in HVAC. This is known as the Manufacturers' Standard Gage for Sheet Steel. Quick video about Bend Radius (Watch More Tech Tip Videos) Bend Radii & Minimum Bend Sizes. When designing parts with some type of bend with a standard bend radius, sheet metal tolerances are required to open. Tight tolerances raise the cost of manufacturing significantly. Having gone over the primary measurement systems, we can now look at the categorisation of foils, sheets and plates. As it is related to the weight of a metal, the actual thickness (mm) for the same gauge, is different for various metals (e.g. While there is a great variety of metal production services on offer, the importance lies within finding the right fir for your needs while staying cost-effective. This ironing process is carried out in combination with deep drawing. This includes standard measurements, materials, differences in manufacturing and possible forming methods. Gauge represents the thickness of a metal in relation to its weight per square foot. The sheet material is shaped using a single point sphere. This helps in delivering the product at low cost and faster timelines. Order your sheet metal fabrication online. Kennedale, TX 76060 Phone (817)478-0801 Fax (817)483-6571 Page 6 of 43 SHEET METAL STANDARDS DUCT GUAGE AND ENFORCING FOR 1” ESS & DRIVE (+/-) HEAVY GA METAL GAUGE OF METAL … Anything above that is a metal plate. Seam, tack, and stitch welding Hardware insertion and riveting: Standard PEM sheet metal … SUBURBAN SHEET METAL LTD Mailing Address P.O. Depending on the temperature the process is classified as hot rolling or cold rolling. In a sheet-metal design, specifying hole sizes, locations, and their alignment is critical. The purpose of this specification is to define standard quality workmanship requirements for sheet metal fabricated by YHF. One mil equals to a thousandth of an inch. Photochemical machining is a process in which controlled corrosion is carried out to create sheet metal parts as per requirements. Sheet Metal Gauges. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. Sheet metal is any metal that has a thickness in between 0.5…6 millimetres. To utilise sheet metal to its full extent, engineers should first know a thing or two about it. The process gives a self-draining, strong product that can support the weight it is designed for. Sheet metal is one of the shapes and forms metal can be bought in. Stop wasting time on admin! So the largest advantage of this method is its flexibility. Sheet metal is one of the shapes and forms metal can be bought in. Holes of varying sizes can be punched but it is usually recommended that the diameter of the hole required is greater than the thickness of the material being punched. NPS and Smaller), Standard Specification for Non-Metallic Expansion Joints, Standard Specification for Steam Traps and Drains, Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials, Standard Specification for Fuel Oil Meters of the Volumetric Positive Displacement Type, Standard Specification for Thermosetting Resin Fiberglass Pipe Systems to Be Used for Marine Applications, Standard Specification for Cast (All Temperatures and Pressures) and Welded Pipe Line Strainers (150 psig and 150°F Maximum), Standard Specification for Fabricated (Welded) Pipe Line Strainers (Above 150 psig and 150°F), Standard Specification for Fluid Conditioner Fittings in Piping Applications Above 0°F, Standard Specification for Faucets, Single and Double, Compression and Self-Closing Type, Shipboard, Standard Specification for Spill Valves for Use in Marine Tank Liquid Overpressure Protections Applications, Standard Specification for Tank Vent Flame Arresters, Standard Specification for Flexible, Expansion-Type Ball Joints for Marine Applications, Standard Specification for Large–Diameter Fabricated Carbon Steel Flanges, Standard Guide for Metallic Abrasive Blasting to Descale the Interior of Pipe, Standard Specification for Construction of Fire and Foam Station Cabinets, Standard Guide for Main Propulsion Medium Speed Marine Diesel Engines Covering Performance and Minimum Scope of Assembly, Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard, Standard Guide for Construction of Sounding Tube and Striker Plate for Tank Sounding, Standard Specification for Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached Fittings, Standard Specification for Water Trap for Diesel Exhaust, Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications, Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services, Standard Specification for Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps, Ships Use, Standard Specification for Mechanical Seals for Shipboard Pump Applications, Standard Specification for Performance of Fittings for Use with Gasketed Mechanical Couplings Used in Piping Applications, Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Steam Service, Standard Specification for Fabricated or Cast Automatic Self-Cleaning, Fuel Oil and Lubricating Oil Strainers, Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Manifolds for Air or Nitrogen Systems, Standard Specification for Rotary Positive Displacement Distillate Fuel Pumps, Standard Specification for Filters Used in Air or Nitrogen Systems, Standard Specification for Special Requirements for Valves Used in Gaseous Oxygen Service, Standard Specification for Automatic Shut-Off Valves (Also Known as Excess Flow Valves, EFV) for Air or Nitrogen Service, Standard Specification for Hand-Operated, Globe-Style Valves for Gas (Except Oxygen Gas) and Hydraulic Systems, Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems, Standard Specification for Pneumatic-Operated, Globe-Style, Control Valves, Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Extruded Tee Connections for Piping Applications, Standard Specification for Lap Joint Flange Pipe End Applications, Standard Specification for Sealless Lube Oil Pump with Oil Through Motor for Marine Applications, Standard Specification for Circular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joint for HVAC Piping Applications, Standard Specification for Metallic Press-Connect Fittings for Piping and Tubing Systems, Standard Guide for Installation and Application of Type C Portable Tanks for Marine LNG Service, Standard Practice for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Bunkering Hose Transfer Assembly, Standard Specification for Detonation Flame Arresters, Standard Guide for Selection of Shipboard Incinerators, Standard Specification for Shipboard Incinerators, Standard Guide for Shipboard Generated Waste Management Audits, Standard Specification for Shipboard Oil Pollution Abatement System, Standard Specification for Sewage and Graywater Flow Through Treatment Systems, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, Standard Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products, Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers, Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products, Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products, Standard Practice for Quantitative Measurement and Reporting of Hypoeutectoid Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Phase Transformations, Standard Test Method for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method, Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric, Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels, Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems, Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless Steels, Standard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels, Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts, Standard Test Method for Detecting Detrimental Phases in Lean Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels, Standard Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings, Standard Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc (Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles, Standard Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Aluminum-Coated Iron or Steel Articles, Standard Test Method for Coating Weight (Mass) of Metallic Coatings on Steel by X-Ray Fluorescence, Standard Practice for Measuring Flatness Characteristics of Steel Sheet Products, Standard Practice for Using Hand Micrometers to Measure the Thickness of Uncoated Steel Sheet and Nonmetallic and Metallic-Coated Steel Sheet, Standard Practice for Using Hand Calipers to Measure the Width of Steel Sheet, Standard Specification for Tanks, 5 and 10-Gal (20 and 40-L) Lube Oil Dispensing, Standard Specification for Wildcats, Ship Anchor Chain, Standard Specification for Doors, Furniture, Marine, Standard Specification for Staple, Handgrab, Handle, and Stirrup Rung, Standard Specification for Domestic Use Doors and Frames, Steel, Interior, Marine, Standard Specification for Chest of Drawers (Chiffonier), Steel, Marine, Standard Specification for Desk, Log, Marine, Steel, with Cabinet, Standard Specification for Tables, Mess, Marine, Steel, Standard Specification for Drawers, Furniture, Marine, Steel, Standard Specification for Tops, Furniture, Marine, Steel, Standard Specification for Pilot Platform, Standard Specification for Portable Intermediate Flush Deck Stanchion, Standard Specification for Steel Emergency Gear Stowage Locker, Standard Specification for Steel Deck Gear Stowage Box [Metric], Standard Specification for Doors, Double, Gastight/Airtight, Individually Dogged, for Marine Use, Standard Specification for Doors, Watertight, Gastight/Airtight and Weathertight, Individually Dogged, for Marine Use, Standard Specification for Doors, Non-Tight, for Marine Use, Standard Specification for Expanded-Metal Bulkhead Panels, Standard Specification for Expanded-Metal Doors, Standard Specification for Door Fittings, for Watertight /Gastight /Airtight, Weathertight, and Non-Tight Doors, for Marine Use, Standard Specification for Cleats, Welded Horn Type, Standard Specification for Mattress and Box Springs for Use in Berths in Marine Vessels, Standard Specification for Fiberglass (GRP) Pultruded Open-Weather Storm and Guard, Square Railing Systems, Standard Specification for Warping Heads, Rope Handling (Gypsy Head, Capstan Head), Standard Specification for Manhole Cover Assembly, Bolted, Semi-Flush, Oiltight and Watertight, Standard Specification for Manhole Cover Assembly, Bolted, Raised, Oiltight and Watertight, Standard Specification for Manhole Cover Assembly, Bolted, Semi-Flush, Oiltight and Watertight, Hinged, Standard Specification for Sliding Watertight Door Assemblies, Standard Specification for Sliding Watertight Door Control Systems, Standard Specification for Berths, Marine, Standard Practice for Installation Procedures for Fitting Chocks to Marine Machinery Foundations, Standard Practice for Installation Procedures of Vinyl Deck Coverings on Portable Plates in Electrical and Electronic Spaces, Standard Practice for Platforms in Cargo Tanks, Standard Test Method for Mechanical Static Load Testing of Non-Structural Marine Joiner Bulkheads, Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Gratings Used in Marine Construction and Shipbuilding, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and Railing, Standard Practice for Installation of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Fence Systems, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Flat Steel Armoring Tape, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Aluminum-Coated, by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Metallic Coated by the Hot-Dip Process and Prepainted by the Coil-Coating Process for Exterior Exposed Building Products, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-5 % Aluminum Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface (General Requirements), Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Nickel Alloy Coated by the Electrolytic Process for Applications Requiring Designation of the Coating Mass on Each Surface, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Carbon, Metallic- and Nonmetallic-Coated for Cold-Formed Framing Members, Standard Practice for Establishing Conformance to the Minimum Expected Corrosion Characteristics of Metallic, Painted-Metallic, and Nonmetallic-Coated Steel Sheet Intended for Use as Cold Formed Framing Members, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel, Structural Tubing, Cold Formed, Welded, Carbon, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Twin-Roll Cast, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Complex Phase (CP), Dual Phase (DP) and Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP), Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process, Standard Specification for Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructed of Wood and Related Materials, Standard Practice for Construction of Chain-Link Tennis Court Fence, Standard Guide for Fences for Residential Outdoor Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, and Spas, Standard Safety Performance Specification for Fences for Baseball and Softball Fields, Standard Safety Performance Specification for Fences/Barriers for Public, Commercial, and Multi-Family Residential Use Outdoor Play Areas, Standard Guide for Fences for Non-Residential Outdoor Swimming Pools, Hot Tubs, and Spas, Standard Guide for Fences for Above-Ground and In-ground Skate Park Facilities, Standard Guide for Fences for Commercial and Public Outdoor Water Spray/Play Areas, Standard Specification for Driven Steel Post Drive Anchor System, Standard Guide for Temporary Fence Applications for Construction Sites, Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes, Standard Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic and Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing, Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and Other Applications with Required Notch Toughness, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications, Standard Specification for Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar, Standard Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing (Small-Diameter) for General Service, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes, Standard Specification for Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes, Standard Specification for Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe, Standard Specification for Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Needle Tubing, Standard Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal, Standard Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes, Standard Specification for Spray-Formed Seamless Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic, Austenitic and Duplex Alloy Steel Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins, Standard Guide for Videoborescoping of Tubular Products for Sanitary Applications, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes, Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing, Standard Specification for Welded Ferritic-Martensitic Stainless Steel Pipe, Standard Specification for Welded Austenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Boiler, Superheater, Condenser, and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Textured Surface(s), Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain, Standard Specification for Weldless Chain, Standard Specification for Machine and Coil Chain, Standard Specification for Grade 80 and Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings for Overhead Lifting, Standard Specification for Forged Grade 80 and Grade 100 Steel Lifting Components and Welded Attachment Links, Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Nonmagnetic Retaining Rings for Generators, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine and Generator Steel Rotor Forgings, Standard Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft, Standard Specification for Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors, Standard Specification for Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotors and Shafts, Standard Specification for Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels, Standard Specification for Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Examination of Forged Crankshafts, Standard Specification for Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels, Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings, Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Tires for Railway and Rapid Transit Applications, Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings, Standard Specification for High-Strength Quenched and Tempered Low-Alloy Steel Forged Parts for Pressure Vessels, Standard Practice for Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets, Standard Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings, Standard Specification for Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use, Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock, Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for High-Strength Pressure Component Application, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Axles, Heat-Treated, for Mass Transit and Electric Railway Service, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness Requirements, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Alloy, for Carburizing Applications, Standard Specification for Age-Hardening Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components, Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use, Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination from Bored Surfaces of Cylindrical Forgings, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts, Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings Using Alternating Current, Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils, Standard Specification for Continuous Grain Flow Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Crankshafts for Medium Speed Diesel Engines, Standard Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Continuous Grain Flow Crankshaft Forgings, Standard Specification for Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components, Standard Specification for Forged Rings and Hollows for Use as Base Plates in Power Transmission Structures, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components, Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings, Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels, Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Low-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service, Standard Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent Notch Toughness, Standard Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness, Standard Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures, Standard Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings, Standard Specification for Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service, Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service, Standard Specification for Wrought High-Strength Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding Fittings, Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings, Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications, Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range, Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service, Standard Specification for High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose Applications, Standard Specification for Modified Alloy Steel Forgings, Forged Bar, and Rolled Bar Commonly Used in Oil and Gas Pressure Vessels, Standard Guide for Qualification and Control of Induction Heat Treating, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-Vanadium-Nickel, Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium Steel-Clad Plate, Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel Steel-Clad Plate, Standard Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Silicon, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Double-Normalized and Tempered 9 % Nickel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High-Strength Manganese, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched-and-Tempered, Chromium-Molybdenum, and Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered 7, 8, and 9 % Nickel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese-Titanium for Glass or Diffused Metallic Coatings, Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel Plates, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, High Strength, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, 5 % and 5, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, Quenched and Tempered, for Welded Pressure Vessels, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Low-Carbon Age-Hardening Nickel-Copper-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium (Niobium) Alloy Steel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service, Standard Specification for Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel Plates for Special Applications, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium, Standard Specification for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels, Produced by Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP), Standard Specification for Steel Plates, 9 %  Nickel Alloy, for Pressure Vessels, Produced by the Direct-Quenching Process, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum-Tungsten, Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plate, Alloy Steel, Austenitic High Manganese for Cryogenic Application, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Tee Rails, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Girder Rails of Plain, Grooved, and Guard Types, Standard Specification for Steel Joint Bars, Low, Medium, and High Carbon (Non-Heat-Treated), Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Joint Bars, Microalloyed Joint Bars, and Forged Carbon Steel Compromise Joint Bars, Standard Specification for Steel Track Spikes, Standard Specification for Steel Screw Spikes, Standard Specification for Steel Tie Plates, Low-Carbon and High-Carbon-Hot-Worked, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Nuts, Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Crane Rails, Standard Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Hard-Drawn for Prestressed Concrete Pipe, Standard Specification for Welded Steel Plain Bar or Rod Mats for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bars for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars, Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Seven-Wire, Uncoated, Compacted for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Hard-Drawn for Prestressed Concrete Tanks, Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Indented, Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Filled Epoxy-Coated Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Strand, Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Indented, Seven-Wire Stress-Relieved for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Uncoated, Weldless, 2-Wire and 3-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete, Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation Steel Bars for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties, Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel Reinforcing Bars, Standard Test Method for Comparing Bond Strength of Steel Reinforcing Bars to Concrete Using Beam-End Specimens, Standard Specification for Steel Wire for Masonry Joint Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Specification for Headed Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond Strength for 0.600-in. 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Including steel, copper sheets often find use as a decorative layer on modern buildings be required of... Small clearance between the hole diameter and the finish is extremely smooth for continuous work.