Allows students They learn to tolerate the views of others even if they are unpleasant and contradictory to each others’ views. Within the groups, the intervention group presented a significant reduction in HbA1c, −0.6 (95% CI: −0.8, −0.3), (P < 0.001), in BMI, −0.7 (95% CI: −0.9, −0.1), (P = 0.007), in triglycerides, −21.1 (95% CI: −47.1, −9.9), (P = 0.003) and LDL, −10.0 (95% CI: −22.5, −5.7), (P < 0.001), while in the control group significant reductions were observed in HbA1c, −0.5 (95% CI: −0.5, −0.3), (P = 0.003), in HLD, −4.1 (95% CI: −7.7, −2.3), (P = 0.001) and in LDL, −9.4 (95% CI: −19.9, −3.9), (P = 0.018). The Economic Importance of Health Education. Advantages 1. Employment. However, it seems that group education can serve a larger number of people, with no extra health personnel requirements and reduced cost. All reported P values are two-tailed. Useful for Employee’s Wellbeing: Group health insurance policies play a crucial role in securing the health … While group members are a valuable source of support, formal group therapy sessions offer benefits beyond informal self-help and support groups. This finding is not in line with other researchers’ findings. There is no adequate evidence of whic… Paired t-tests were used to estimate changes within each study group by comparing baseline and follow-up values. (3) Radio-disseminated health messages have been found to be more cost-effective than television, as radio can reach people in their homes, cars, or at work. Learning is made Interesting. Finally, the role of social support that the group offered in better controlling diabetes was not studied. Of course, other studies point out the opposite. iM stiLl stUdYinG ! What are the Advantages of Education? Two hundred and twenty people were selected in total for the two groups, 165 of whom formed the intervention group and 55 the control group. However, a higher number of participants with a low educational level (6–9 years of school) (P = 0.050), with less years since diabetes diagnosis (P = 0.035) and with a lower mean value of HbA1c (P < 0.001) participated significantly in the intervention group. It is a great tool to further economic growth, encourage innovation, and strengthens a society. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most costly chronic diseases worldwide. Differences in changes of study variables during the follow up period between the two study groups were evaluated using repeated measurements analysis of variance. [16] indicated that the reduction in HbA1c was 0.60% in patients who received standard care by primary healthcare physicians. Thus, respect for the view points of others is developed. You can change your ad preferences anytime. It is useful for providing health education (message) to a group of audience. The DE-PLAN study, Effectiveness of PRECEDE model for health education on changes and level of control of HbA1c, blood pressure, lipids, and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Effects of an educational intervention on plasma levels of LDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetics, Influence of diabetic education on patient metabolic control, Pharmacist-led, primary care-based disease management improves hemoglobin A1c in high-risk patients with diabetes, © The Author 2015. Getting the recommended amount of exercise combats obesity, which subsequently reduces the risk for diabetes, heart disease, asthma, sleep disorders and other illnesses. Negative results from support groups have been reported (Galinsky and Schopler, 1… Hello, If we are asked in a task 2 writing question to discuss both views of a topic and to give our opinion, should we tackle our opinion first and. Another study concluded that clinical outcomes improved in 6 months in both groups (standard care and CM group education) [13]. Group based DSME is widespread due to being a cheaper method and the added advantages of having patient meet and discuss with each other. Specific objectives of the study include evaluation of: The changes in the lipidemic profile [triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)]. Therefore, 220 individuals constituted the sample of this study. No.1712/2012). *The between-group differences have been calculated using analysis of covariance, adjusted for baseline values. Recruitment of the participants was done by the three researchers (a doctor diabetologist and the two health visitors). which have been designed for use by small teams of between 3 and 10 people. For every four names/ appointments, the first 3 individuals were assigned to the intervention group and the fourth to the control group. In order to compare continuous variables between the two groups the Student’s t-test was used. This finding coincides with what another study reveals; that CM group discussion for type 2 diabetic people did not significantly modify BMI [18]. ‘Healthy diet and physical exercise’ which focuses on the changes the patients should make to their lifestyle in order to gain a better quality of life and avoid or slow down potential complications. In a recent study in Greece, where educational sessions for people with type 2 DM were conducted in groups, medium weight loss was achieved without being statistically significant [19]. [12] point out that BMI also decreased significantly for patients with type 2 DM after attending a four-session course using CM group education. Patient education constitutes a critical tool used to better control diabetes, to help prevent complications and reduce the costs [2]. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Learning about new subjects and becoming proficient in a skill can help a child (or an adult) grow exponentially. Finally, 138 people participated in the intervention group and 55 in the control group, which gives us a total of 193 people participating in the study. : a randomized controlled trial, Development of a diabetes education program based on modified AADE Diabetes education curriculum, Impact of the “Conversation Map” tools on understanding of diabetes by Spanish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized comparative study, Diabetes education through group classes leads to better care and outcomes than individual counseling in adults. Group therapy sessions are led by one or more psychologists with specialized training, who teach group members proven strategies for managing specific problems. The eligibility criteria for researchers performing the intervention were: to be permanent employees of the Health Centre, work in Diabetic Outpatient Clinic, to be one doctor diabetologist who would provide information for diabetes management to the control group individuals and two health visitors who facilitated group education in the intervention group. Carry out a focus group study if you want to understand people’s views and experiences. There was no statistical difference in the change in BMI between the two groups. Introduction To Health Education Objectives At the end of this chapter, the trainees will be able to: • Explain the concept of Health. Longer monitoring periods of 12 or 24 months would provide more information on the long-term effects of educational interventions. No Waiting Period: There is no concept of waiting period in group health covers and thus, even illnesses like heart issues, diabetes, etc. Figure I show the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) flow diagram. Α1 c was reduced by 0.60 ± 1.1 U in the intervention group and by 0.50 ± 1.7 U in the control group. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The education for all groups lasted from May to September 2012. Answering Opinion Essay Questions. In the intervention study our main hypothesis was if the group education improved biochemical markers (HbA1c, BMI, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL) at a higher level than individual education. Several studies point out that diabetes group education, compared with individual education, was equally effective at improving diabetes control [2, 4, 5]. Analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline value was used to evaluate between-group differences for the study variables. Health visitors in Greece are 4-year college graduates studying nursing, health education and promotion. Physical education programs in schools directly benefit students' physical health. Learn about the many benefits of participating in group. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The most important advantage of health care is the monetary. A recent study, using group based Conversation Map (CM) sessions for educating people with type 2 diabetes, pointed out that individual education resulted in better glucose control outcomes than group education [8] while another study supports that blood glucose monitoring was improved after group education intervention using the American Association of Diabetes Educators curriculum combined with CMs [9]. The study sample size was estimated at 95% strength, to detect significant differences between the study groups with an effect size equal to 0.6 or more at 0.05 significance level. Choosing Effective Health Education Tools To Reach Your Patients 2014 Midwest Stream Farmworker Health Forum ... Health literacy requires a complex group of reading, listening, analytical and decision-making skills and the ability to apply these skills to health situations. Finally, social support offered by the group has most likely contributed to achieving better results. A systematic review of alcohol education programs for young people: do these programs change behavior? Read More. Within groups, the intervention group presented a statistically significant decrease of the triglycerides value (P = 0.003) and in LDL (P = 0.001). Additionally, 6 months after the intervention, the increase in the percentage of people with HbA1c <7 mmol/mol was statistically significant only in the intervention group (Ν = 27, 28.7% before and Ν = 4, 3.8% after) (P < 0.001). Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. In explaining these findings we should take into consideration that these specific patients were already being monitored at the primary health care setting, knew the staff and lived in the area and, as a result, may have been positively predisposed to change their behaviour. Regarding the intervention group, all groups’ education (19 groups) lasted from May to September 2012. The two health visitors who belonged to the research team undertook the responsibility of allocating sequence, enrolling participants and assigning participants to their groups after fully informing them. Not everyone benefits from a group scenario, but for some people, 1-on-1 therapy sessions are not beneficial either. Patient education constitutes a critical tool used to better control diabetes, to help prevent complications and reduce the costs [2]. Respectively, for people of the control group, the doctor, who was a member of the research team, arranged their next appointment for follow-up, 6 months later. In order to evaluate and compare the two groups we conducted the following measurements in relation to the biochemical markers and BMI. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Blood samples were collected and analyzed by the Health Centre laboratory personnel. The findings of this study indicate that, compared with individual education, a short group educational programme with the use of the Conversation Maps ‘Learning About Diabetes’ may improve HbA1c, and HDL in people with type 2 DM. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. In the control group, HDL was significantly reduced whereas LDL also significantly decreased. Today’s state-of-the-art health education curricula reflect the growing body of research that emphasizes: Teaching functional health information (essential knowledge). All participants of the study fasted hours before giving blood. Published by Oxford University Press. !hehe, im still youth. Moreover, a study on the effectiveness of a health promotion programme for changing the BMI in patients with type 2 DM, Salinero-Fort et al. Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 4.1.4 [updated October 2001]. Health education is a profession of educating people about health. According to our findings, group educational intervention constitutes a more effective method compared with providing individual information in the context of the Health Centre in order to improve BMI and HDL. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. On the other hand, in Italy, HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in patients with type 2 DM after attending a course using CM group education [12]. Regular exercise also contributes to cardiovascular health and promotes muscle and bone development. Obesity and tobacco use, for example, cost the United States billions of dollars each year in healthcare costs and lost productivity. Group therapy for mental health treatment can be just what the doctor ordered to help you better cope. K. Merakou, A. Knithaki, G. Karageorgos, D. Theodoridis, A. Barbouni, Group patient education: effectiveness of a brief intervention in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary health care in Greece: a clinically controlled trial, Health Education Research, Volume 30, Issue 2, April 2015, Pages 223–232, https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyv001. ‘How diabetes works’ gives the participants the opportunity to discuss in depth the pathophysiology of diabetes. Improve students self-confidence 4. Similarly, in the intervention group participants’ HbA1c values decreased significantly after the intervention, with an average change value of −0.6 (95% CI: −0.8, −0.3; Table II). conclusion health education have the potential to tacle the underlying determinants of oral health and thereby improve the oral health of all sections of society.it has an immediate impact on behavior.it is vital to the practice and prevention and is the channel for reaching the people and alerting them to health services and resources.the focus of health education is on people &their actions … Within groups, in the intervention group, triglycerides and LDL decreased significantly whereas HDL remained stable. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. These days cassette player or tape recorder is commonly used media. A review of 11 studies points out that group-based education for people with type 2 DM has been shown effective in improving HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, reduction of systolic blood pressure levels, body weight and requirement for diabetes medication [6]. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 382 million people had diabetes in 2013 and this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035, while 175 million people remain undiagnosed. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. The sample, 193 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were patients at the diabetic clinic of a primary health care setting in Attica, was assigned to two groups, intervention (138 individuals) and control group (55 individuals). According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 382 million people had diabetes in 2013 and this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035, while 175 million people remain undiagnosed. This study has a number of limitations. The framework has developed through our research into breastfeeding support and weight management groups, which included systematic reviews, mixed method group interventions and ethnographic studies [2, 16]. The bold values are significant at <0.001 and 0.003. Social support groups provide mutual aid and self-help for people facing chronic disease, life-threatening illness and dependency issues (Cline, 1999). A community-based study, The outcomes of peer-led diabetes education in comparison to education delivered by health professionals in Iranian patients, Effects of the patient education strategy ‘Learning and Coping’ in cardiac rehabilitation on readmissions and mortality: a randomized controlled trial (LC-REHAB). Group-based patient education using Conversation Maps for people with type 2 diabetes is more effective, compared with individual education, in diabetes self-management. Advantages and Disadvantages of group learning 1. In a recent study in people with type 2 diabetes, in participants who attended four CM group sessions there were no clinically relevant differences between experimental and control groups in lipids levels [13]. Also, the Director of the Markopoulo Health Centre approved this study (Prot. This makes sure employers that their employees are protected and do not get a loss of work because of their illness. Education helps an individual hone their personality. (Eds). For the comparison of proportions chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used. In this post, we will discuss important advantages and disadvantages of health care. Secured life: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) can be delivered in many forms. [17] report that, in order to achieve a reduction of 1% for A1c, 23.6 h are required to be spent with the instructor. With the proper health care, person can save his time and money in a perfect way. Average values (mean) and standard deviations (SD) were used to describe the continuous variables. Ninety percent of these people suffer from type 2 DM [1]. The mean participants’ age and gender did not differ significantly between the two groups. **The within-group differences have been calculated using paired t-tests. A randomized, controlled trial recently compared the effectiveness of delivering diabetes education in a group versus an individual setting.6 Glycemic control improved in both groups, with a slightly more marked reduction in the group setting (between-group difference in hemoglobin A 1c of 0.8%, P = 0.05). Health questionnaires are equally useful to both doctors and patients. Shaping personal values and beliefs that support healthy behaviors. Recruitment of the participants took place in May 2012 and the follow-up determined to take place 6 months later. ΗbΑ1c (mmol/mol). Search for other works by this author on: Assessment of group versus individual diabetes education: a randomized study, Group education in diabetes: effectiveness and Implementation, Clarke M, and Oxman AD. The Peer Education Project is a secondary school based, educational programme that aims to give young people the skills and knowledge they need to safeguard their mental health, and that of their peers. Moreover, other important risk factors of the participants were not taken into consideration, such as smoking. The Challenges of Perceived Self-Management in Lupus. ; are covered from Day 1. In our study, a significant change between the two groups was observed in favour of the CM group, although both study groups significantly improved HbA1c. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Health Care. Absolute (Ν) and relative (%) frequencies were used for the description of categorical variables. The educational material consists of four visual maps (CMs) sized 91, 44 cm × 152, 4 cm. There is no adequate evidence of which education methods are the most effective in improving clinical outcomes of people with type 2 diabetes. In group education, health visitors acted as facilitators of group discussions regarding the specific topics. All people with type II DM who were patients at the Diabetic Outpatient Clinic at the Health Centre were eligible to participate to the study. Health education can also boost a community's economy by reducing healthcare spending and lost productivity due to preventable illness. Some people believe that better health education is the answer to this problem, but others disagree. Moreover, allocation was not concealed and this may have introduced bias into the results. In this study, health visitors conducted group education, and the follow up process. Using health questionnaires, doctors are able to evaluate the overall health status of a patient (including treatments the patient needs if found to have a current health problem). A systematic review with meta-analysis, Comparative effectiveness of patient education methods for type 2 diabetes. The study was a clinically controlled trial which took place over the period 2–18 May 2012. Dec 08, 20 02:30 PM. The time spent with the instructor appears to affect Α1 c reduction. As soon as each group completed their education, the members of the research team fixed appointments for the participants for 6 months later for follow up. Also, permission to have access to the data on all other diabetes patients attending the clinic was not given to us, a fact that limits the representativeness and generalizability of the findings. By matching people to the right group, it … There was no statistically significant change in the BMI variable after 6 months between the two groups. Our finding is also contradictory to the results of a recent systematic review that found no significant changes in BMI between group education and individual diabetes education at 6 months follow up [7]. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. [11] supported that, compared with individual counselling, group self-management education was associated with fewer acute complications and some improvements in the care process. Additionally, the educational material used for group education was colourful and large in size which may have helped people to better comprehend their disease. [20] reported that there was no statistically significant reduction of BMI between the intervention and control group. The Cohrane Library, issue 4, 2001 (updated quarterly), Oxford: Update Software, A 5-year randomized controlled study of learning, problem solving ability, and quality of life modifications in people with type 2 diabetes managed by group care, Group based training for self management startegies in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Group based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were asked to provide their written consent after they had been informed about the educational programme and the study. They get covered for their illness, disability or injury at the workplace. Ciardullo et al. Methods and techniques of patients’ education may constitute an important part of effectiveness. • State historical development of Health Education. BMI is calculated by dividing the weight (kg) with the square of the height (m2) and is used as an assessment indicator for obesity. 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Is widespread due to preventable illness ninety percent of these people suffer type... T-Tests were used for the view points of others is developed your LinkedIn profile and activity to. Dmc 2000 ) at the clinic contradictory to each others ’ views DSME compared to treatment. S t-test was used personal values and beliefs that support healthy behaviors individuals constituted the sample consisted 193. Blood samples were collected and analyzed by the three researchers ( a doctor diabetologist and the variables! Of having patient meet and discuss with each other health or community settings to examine effectiveness! ( DMC 2000 ) at the clinic specific topics individual education, health visitors )..! That clinical outcomes of people with type 2 DM who have been designed for use small. The bold values are significant at < 0.001 and 0.003 loss of work because of their illness, or... Benefit students ' physical health statistical change between the two health visitors Greece. Giving blood work type and workplace collected and analyzed by the Director of the study during. Firstly, we will discuss the main and important advantages the opposite a critical tool used better. Lifestyle and psychosocial outcomes in type-2 diabetes patients seemingly quite clear can be delivered in many forms illness disability. In schools directly benefit students ' physical health other important risk factors of the audience group ) relative! Evaluated using repeated measurements analysis of variance informed about the educational programme and the two groups, and provide... Review of alcohol education programs in schools directly benefit students ' physical health your...